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=**__Chapter 24-Section 3__**= //The Election on 1988:// -Vice President Bush was an obvious choice to suceed Ronald Reagan -Senator Robert Dole and television evangelist Pat Robertson challenged him for the nomination, but easily overcame them -Bush chose Senator J. Danforth Quayle -Governor Michael Dukakis and the Reverend Jesse Jackson led the democrats -Jackson won the nomination with is 426 electoral votes to Dukakis' 111 -The democrats continued to hold majority in both houses of congress

//The New President:// -In Bush's inaugural address he hinted that he wouldn't simply follow the old idea and attitudes of the Reagan era -Bush promised a kinder, gentler nation -Bush stressed a moderate course

//Drugs,Education, and the Environment:// -Bush appointed William Bennett to be a special drug czar to oversee the nation's war on drugs. -Bennett resigned claiming th flow of drugs in our country had begun to drop -Bob Martinez the former governor of Florida replaced him. -Bush promised to chart a new course fr the environment and education. -Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) -1990, signed a law setting tougher standards to reduce air pollution -Bush closed 17 military plans that manufactured nuclear waste.

//The Savings and Loans Crisis:// -Interest rates soared in the late 1970s causing savings banks to be stuck with long-term mortgages. -Falling energy prices in the 1980s sent real estate prices tumbling in the South West -S&Ls went bankrupt -The cost of bailing out the S&Ls would probably run more than 600 billion dollars over 10 years. -Many blamed the Reagan administration for this crisis -By the 1990s the collaspe of many S&Ls weakened the nation's banking system in general.

//Reducing Deficit:// -George Bush firmly pledged not to raise taxes during the election of 1988 -Bush and Congress could not agree how to cut spending and the federal budget. -If Bush and Congress failed to pass a budget by October, 1 the automatic budget cuts called for in the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act would go into effect, -Bush insisted a tax cut for investors which would stimulate the economy. -Congress and Bush finally reached a budget agreement that would cut the deficit by nearly 500 million dollars over 5 years. The Election of 1990: -During the election campaign of 1990 in 14 states voters elected governors from a different party from the one who had been in office -Voters reelected most members of Congress -In most states fewer than 4 out of 10 voters went to the polls.

//Flags and the Supreme Court:// -Justices ruled that burning a flag was a form of free speech which was protected from the First Amendment. -Bush strongly disagreed, which caused a heated debate -The Supreme Court also faced controversial issues such as race, sex discrimination, and the death penalty. -President Bush nominated little-known New Hampshire judge David Souter to take William Brennan's place after resigning, Brennan took his seat on the Supreme Court in October 1990.

__Chapter 24-Section 4__
//The End of the Cold War:// -Soviet dominated governments had controlled the nations of Eatsern Europe -Those who attempted a revolt like the freedom fighters of Hungary in 1956 were harshly put down. -In 1989 and 1990one after another communist givernments collasped -Dissenters came into power -Polish government outlawed solidarity, however solidarity and founder Lech Walesa would not be silenced. -In 1989 the communist governments allowed solidarity candidates to run for Polish parliament, they all won. -Solidarity leader replaced a communist as head of the governement.

-In November of 1989 after months of protests by East Germans the East German government stunned the worl by announcing that it was opening the Berlin Wall. -On November 9 1989 hundreds of East Berliners streamed through the gates to visit the West. -on October 4, 1990 after being divided for 45 years by the cold war became one nation.
 * A wall comes down:**

-Demonstrations against communism spread rapidly across Eastern Europe. -In Czechoslovakis the communist government was forced to resign in 1989. Vaclac Havel became new president -In Rumanis dictator Nicolae Ceausescu resisted the title of change and has protestors shot. He soon fled after demonstrations continued. -Soviet President Gorbachev accepted the movement toward democratic reform in Eastern Europe. -Amid turmoil the Soviet government was forced to begin new democratic reforms including a multiparty system. -In 1990 the Soviet government announced that it would allow private ownership of land and businesses.
 * Moving toward democracy:**

-Americans responded enthisiastically to the democratic reforms in Eastern Europe. -President Bush praised the rise of democracy in the Soviet bloc and promised some economic support.
 * The American responses:**

-Bush took a less millitant approach toward affairs in Nicaraugua than reagan. -the Bush administration worked out a bipartism agreement with Congress. The Us would provide the contras with food, clothing, and mdical supplies. -In February 1990 Nicaraugua held elections, Violeta Chamorro won. -By the end of 1990 Chamarro's hold on power was slipping, relations between Nicaragua and the US was uncertain.
 * New Directions in Latin America:**

-Panama's dictator Manuel Noriega became heavily involved in drug smuggling. -December 20 1989, Bush sent American military forces into Panama. Noriega's went into hiding but soon surrendered and was taken to the United States to stand trial. -The US installed a new government in Panama and helped rebuild their economy.
 * Invasion Of Panama:**

//Unrest in China:// -In spring 1989 dissident Chinese students began to campaign for democratic reforms. -In June the regime struck back army tanks rumbled into Tianamen Square, thousands of protestors were killed or arrested. -Bush dissaporved of the return to pepression.

//A Policy Toward South America:// -During the early 1980s the South African government had continued to pursue the policy of apartheid or separation of races, -"Economic Sanctions" or limits on trade and investment. -"Divestiture" American universities and some state governments sold their stock in companies that operated in South Africa.

//War Clouds in the Middle East:// -The Middle east remained the threat to world peace. -On August 2, 1990 Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.

- If Hussein conquered Saudi Arabia as well as Kuwait he would control more than 80 percent of the oil in the region.
 * A complex threat:**

-**Bush immediately dispatched American forces to Saudi Arabia -The United nations agreed to a total trade boycott of Iraq -Hussein held many Americans and other foreigners as hostages in Kuwait and Iraq.
 * The world responds:

//Fugitives in a Desert Drama:// -Iraqi tanks rumbled through the streets of Kuwait City, invaders looted through stores, businesses, and hospitals. -Hussein allowed women and children to leave Kuwait. -Many Americans went into hiding.

//War in the Persian Gulf:// -In November 1990, Presient Bush convinced the United Nations Security Council to declare Janurary 15, 1991 as a deadline for Iraq's removal from Kuwait. -Bush sent 200,000 additional troops to the Middle East. -In December Saddam Hussein rejected a chance to negotiate but released mostof the hostages. -As the deadline passed the United States and United Nations members launched an air attack on Iraq on Janurary 16. -We deafeated Iraq within only 6 weeks.